5 axis CNC refers to the ability of a Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) machine to perform 5 different axis simultaneously. Most CNC manufacturers describe their machine movement starting with three primary axis: X, Y, and Z. Z axis is parallel to the tool spindle. The other two axis are provided by the machine’s ability to rotate about the X and Y axis.

The Axis Rx rotates parallel and about the X axis. Axis Ry rotates parallel to and about the Y axis. Axis Rz represents the pivotal movement of the cutting tool installed into the machine spindle center.

Using 5-axis machining offers a few benefits. With such a machine, you can make complex shapes in a single set-up. In turn, this reduces set-up time, which increases production rates. In addition, with the elimination of multiple set-ups, time and errors are reduced.

The features-to-features accuracy is also enhanced with a 5-axis CNC machine because the same zero or datum reference frame is used throughout the manufacturing process. Moreover, since the simultaneous rotation is allowed along the Y and X axis, more rigid and shorter tools may be used.

The higher spindle/cutting tool speeds may be achieved while decreasing the load on the cutting tool. The shorter and thicker cutters slow down the vibration when machining deep pockets or contoured features with 3-axis machines.

Some applications of 5-axis machines include the complex three dimensional profiles, which are common for turbine blades, impellers, and plastic mold tools. Using this machine tool, your tasks would only include knowing the information about the motion of tools such as the machining shape, the machining operation, and the cutting condition.